Between Global Competition and National Justice: The Legal Protection Dilemma in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56910/literacy.v3i3.3297Keywords:
ASEAN, Distributive Justice, Globalization, Legal Certainty, WTO DisputesAbstract
This article examines Indonesia’s legal-protection dilemma amid intensifying global competition. Addressing a gap in prior literature that treats globalization’s legal effects descriptively, we evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s legal protection through the lenses of legal certainty (Radbruch), distributive justice (Rawls), and institutional quality (North). Using a normative juridical method—statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches—our analysis of WTO-related disputes and domestic regulatory practice shows: First, persistent disharmony and overlap across trade, investment, and IPR regimes; Second, weak and uneven enforcement that erodes legal certainty; and Third, structural asymmetries in international fora impacting national justice goals. We propose targeted reforms: accelerated regulatory harmonization aligned with international commitments, capacity-building for trade-remedy and IPR enforcement, and calibrated safeguards for MSMEs within ASEAN and WTO frameworks. These steps reconcile competitiveness with national justice, strengthening Indonesia’s legal readiness in a globalized economy.
References
ASEAN Secretariat. (2015). AEC Blueprint 2025. Jakarta: ASEAN. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AECBP_2025r_FINAL.pdf
Bosio, E. (2023). Critical global citizenship: Foucault as a complexity thinker, social justice, and the challenges of higher education in the era of neo-liberal globalization – A conversation with Mark Olssen. Citizenship, Teaching and Learning, 18(2), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00123_1
Chakraborty, G. (2022). Challenges before the institution of marriage in the era of globalization. Indian Journal of Law and Justice, 13(1), 65–77. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ijlj13&div=9&id=&page=
Doing, M. (2016). Globalisasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembaharuan hukum ekonomi di Indonesia. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 45(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.1.2016.67-74
Doing, M. (2016). Globalisasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembaharuan hukum ekonomi di Indonesia. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 45(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.1.2016.67-74
Fosten, G. K. (2020). The challenges of increasing consumerism in Africa in the era of globalization: A systematic analysis employing consumerism theory. Africa and Globalization: Nov. Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55351-7_8
Goulard, S. (2024). Assessing the impact of the European Union-Indonesia-Malaysia palm oil dispute on trade and limitations for set-tlement. The EUrASEANs: Journal on Global Socio-Economic Dynamics, 4(47), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.4(47).2024.46-55
Gu, M. (2018). Challenges and solutions faced by China’s teachers in the era of globalization. In Challenges Related to Professional Work Teaching (pp. 109–123). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004372573_008
Kochetkov, M. V., & Avdeeva, E. A. (2018). Humanitarian “Reversing” in the education development in the Russian Federation education under the conditions of transhumanistic challenges in the era of globalization. In Challenges Related to Professional Work Teaching (pp. 109–123). https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.345
Marx, A. (2019). Public-private partnerships for sustainable development: Exploring their design and its impact on effectiveness. Sus-tainability, 11(4), art. 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041087
Mulisa, F. (2021). Challenges for African scholars in the globalization era: Contexts speak. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(2), 923–942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00651-3
North, D. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678
Nugroho, A. A. (2022). Perkembangan, penerapan, dan tantangan hukum anti-dumping di Indonesia ditinjau dalam kerangka hukum WTO. Dharmasiya, 2(3), 1075-1090. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=dharmasisya
Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2017, November). U.S. wins WTO dispute on Indonesia’s import restrictions on hor-ticultural and animal products. Press release. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/november/us-wins-wto-dispute-indonesia%E2%80%99s
Olasiuk, H. (2018). Innovations in the era of globalization: Challenges for the Indian economy. In Global Conundrum-Dark Clouds Behind Silver Lining (pp. 229–240). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1727-9_13
Pangestu, Y., Sipahutar, B., & Ardianto, B. (2021). Harmonisasi prinsip perdagangan internasional pada GATT dalam UU No. 7/2014 tentang Perdagangan. Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law, 2(1), 81–105. https://doi.org/10.22437/up.v2i1.10352
Phong, N. D., et al. (2018). Challenges for Vietnam in the globalization era. Asian Journal of Law and Economics, 9(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1515/ajle-2018-0002
Pranoto, E. (2018). Pembangunan sistem hukum ekonomi Indonesia berlandaskan Pancasila di era globalisasi. Jurnal Spektrum, 15(1), 89-111. https://dx.doi.org/10.35973/sh.v15i1.1111
Putri, D. S., et al. (2023). Hukum Ekonomi Internasional: Tantangan dan peluang bagi Indonesia dalam era globalisasi. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 1(2), 1-11. https://journal.pubmedia.id/index.php/lawjustice/article/download/2052/2048/2439
Quddus, M. S. (2025). Analisis konvergensi hukum ekonomi internasional: Tantangan hukum bagi Indonesia dalam mengharmonisasikan kepentingan BRICS dan ASEAN. Equality: Journal of Law and Justice, 2(1), 62-88. https://doi.org/10.69836/equality-jlj.v2i1.264
Rasheed, N. (2022). Risk identification, assessment, and allocation in PPP: A systematic review. Buildings, 12(8), art. 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081109
Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. London: SAGE.
Sanchez, D. A., & Gomez, A. (2014). Analysis of historical total production costs of cellulosic ethanol and forecasting for the 2020-decade. Fuel, 130(2), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.037
Saputro, G. (2020). Value clarification technique (VCT) models answered the challenge of demoralization in the face of globalization era 5.0. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 1(2), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1145/3452144.3453750
World Trade Organization Panel Report. (2004). Korea – Antidumping duties on imports of certain paper from Indonesia. Panel report, WTO. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds312_e.htm
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 LITERACY : International Scientific Journals of Social, Education, Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
