The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Mediating Variables at PT Purifikasi Andalan

Musa Mujahid Haqoni; Rahmadani Nur Permanawati

doi:10.56910/literacy.v4i1.2920

Authors

Musa Mujahid Haqoni Universitas Negeri Semarang
Rahmadani Nur Permanawati Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56910/literacy.v4i1.2920

Keywords:

Employee Relations, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Transformational Leadership

Abstract

This study examines the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance, with job satisfaction and organizational commitment serving as mediating variables, at PT Purifikasi Andalan. The research focuses on employees working in the company’s sector, where performance optimization remains a challenge despite the application of a transformational leadership style. Transformational leadership, characterized by inspiring vision, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, and motivational influence, is expected to drive higher performance levels by shaping employees’ attitudes and behaviors. The study aims to analyze both the direct effect of transformational leadership on employee performance and the indirect effect through the mediation of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Job satisfaction reflects employees’ emotional response to their work, while organizational commitment indicates their loyalty and willingness to contribute to organizational goals. Both factors are hypothesized to strengthen the positive relationship between leadership and performance outcomes. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to a purposively selected sample of respondents from the company’s workforce. The purposive sampling method ensured that participants had relevant experience and knowledge to provide informed responses. The findings reveal that transformational leadership exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on employee performance. Furthermore, transformational leadership has a significant positive impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, both of which, in turn, enhance employee performance. These mediating variables play a critical role in explaining how leadership style translates into improved work outcomes. The results suggest that fostering a transformational leadership approach, alongside initiatives to boost job satisfaction and organizational commitment, can be an effective strategy for improving overall employee performance in the organization’s specific operational context.

References

Anwar, G., & Abdullah, N. N. (2021). The impact of human resource management practice on organizational performance. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management, 5(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.5.1.4

Badrianto, Y., & Ekhsan, M. (2020). Effect of work environment and job satisfaction on employee performance in PT. Nesinak Industries. Journal of Business, Management, & Accounting, 2(1), 85–95.

Baig, S. A., Iqbal, S., Abrar, M., Baig, I. A., Amjad, F., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., & Awan, M. U. (2021). Impact of leadership styles on employees’ performance with moderating role of positive psychological capital. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(9–10), 1085–1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2019.1665011

Bass, B. M. (1995). Comment: Transformational leadership: Looking at other possible antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4(3), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649269543010

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095

Chen, C., Ding, X., & Li, J. (2021). Transformational leadership and employee job satisfaction: The mediating role of em-ployee relations climate and the moderating role of subordinate gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010233

Danim, S. (2009). Manajemen dan kepemimpinan transformasional kekepalasekolahan. Alfabeta.

Efrina, L. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan Islami terhadap kinerja karyawan pada perusahaan multifinance syariah di Provinsi Lampung. Srikandi: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 1(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.25217/srikandi.v1i2.2514

Eliyana, A., Ma’arif, S., & Muzakki. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001

Furnham, A., Eracleous, A., & Chamorro‐Premuzic, T. (2009). Personality, motivation and job satisfaction: Hertzberg meets the Big Five. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(8), 765–779. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940910996789

Hair, J. F., Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). Common beliefs and reality about partial least squares: Comments on Rönkkö and Evermann. Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928

Hendri, N. (2019). The impact of organizational commitment on job performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 496–499.

Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Rand McNally.

Luthans, F., Luthans, B. C., & Luthans, K. W. (2015). Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom110117

Mangkunegara, A. P. (2009). Evaluasi kinerja karyawan. Refika Aditama.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (2001). Organizational commitment. Sage.

Rafiei, M., Amini, M., & Foroozandeh, N. (2014). Studying the impact of the organizational commitment on the job per-formance. Management Science Letters, 4(8), 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.046

Renyut, B. C., Modding, H. B., Bima, J., & Sukmawati, S. (2017). The effect of organizational commitment, competence on job satisfaction and employees’ performance in Maluku Governor’s Office. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(11), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/hnwdt

Rivai, V. (2006). Manajemen sumber daya manusia untuk perusahaan: Dari teori ke praktik. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., Millett, B., & Boyle, M. (2013). Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Sari, N. P., Muhammad, H., & Aini, N. (2023). Leadership style and work motivation: Driving performance of Islamic boarding school. Jurnal Darussalam: Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 14(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.30739/darussalam.v14i2.1945

Silaen, N. R., Syamsuriansyah, S., Chairunnisah, R., Sari, M. R., Mahriani, E., Tanjung, R., Triwardhani, D., Haerany, A., Masyruroh, A., Satriawan, D. G., Lestari, A. S. I., Arifudin, O., Rialmi, Z., & Putra, S. (2021). Kinerja karyawan. CV Widina Media Utama.

Simanjuntak, P. J. (2014). Manajemen evaluasi kinerja (Edisi ke-3). UI Press.

Southgate, G., Aderibigbe, J. K., Balogun, T. V., & Mahembe, B. (2023). Leadership styles as predictors of employee en-gagement at a selected tertiary institution. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v21i0.2238

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2007). Statistika untuk penelitian. Alfabeta.

Widayati, C., & Rahardjo, T. H. (2017). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, motivasi, dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi, 22(3), 466–485. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v22i3.286

Williams, L. J., & Hazer, J. T. (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A reanalysis using latent variable structural equation methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.219

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=lhrPS_s7EawC