Pemetaan Identitas Kolektif Desa Tumbu, Karangasem, Bali: Kajian Historis dan Lanskap Berdasarkan Data Prasasti dan Aturan Adat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56910/safari.v5i2.3167Keywords:
Awig-awig, Balinese Inscriptions, Collective Identity, Cultural Landscape, Traditional VillagesAbstract
This study aims to map the collective identity of the people of Tumbu Village, Karangasem, Bali, using historical approaches, cultural landscape studies, and an analysis of customary rules. The primary data are sourced from 13th-century inscriptions such as the Ruk-ruk, Pasemetan, and Tumbu Puseh Inscriptions, along with awig-awig (local customary laws) that remain actively implemented. The research applies a descriptive-qualitative method through field observations, literature reviews, traditional document interpretation, and participatory interviews with community leaders and local residents. The findings reveal that the collective identity of Tumbu Village is shaped by the integration of historical values, agrarian landscapes, the Hindu-Balinese spiritual system, and a living social structure embedded in customary norms. While modernization has introduced significant changes in architecture and social structures, local communities have managed to adapt culturally without losing their traditional values. Community-based strategies have proven effective in preserving the harmony between cultural heritage and village development. The key outputs of this program include a landscape identity map, a social structure infographic, and a brief guide to customary spatial principles that may serve as a reference for village planning grounded in local wisdom. This study affirms the urgency of preserving collective identity and customary spatial systems as foundational to sustainable development in traditional Balinese villages.
References
Astara, W. W., Kinanthil, M., Muqoffa, M., Pitana, T. S., Suyadnya, I. W., Muhamad, M., Kusdyana, I. P. G. A., Nilasari, P. F., Irianto Sitindjak, R. H., Wardani, L. K., Sujarwo, W., Arinasa, I. B. K., Salomone, F., Caneva, G., Fattorini, S., Mandaka, M., Sasmito, A., Andadari, T. S., Mangku, D. G. S., … Jati, R. M. B. (2021). Tenganan indigenous village as a cultural historical tourism destination in Bali Island, Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 8(1), 92–118. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i01.p04
Bi, X. (2024). Cultural inheritance and protection of traditional villages: A perspective of philosophy and cultural values. Cultura: International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology, 21(3), 305–323. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85206362026&partnerID=40&md5=eee563b9d35ab14d9ecdb7507b78db0b
Camberos, S. Q. (2020). The collective identity in three Latin American tales. América Sin Nombre, 23, 211–220. https://doi.org/10.14198/AMESN.2018.23.17
Cao, K., Liu, Y., Cao, Y., Wang, J., & Tian, Y. (2024). Construction and characteristic analysis of landscape gene maps of traditional villages along ancient Qin-Shu roads, Western China. Heritage Science, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01155-y
Covarrubias, M. (2018). Island of Bali. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315831763
Duy Do, T. (2025). Recognizing the pattern language and developing a restoration approach for Katu villages in Central Vietnam. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(4), 2945–2963. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2025.130410
Hasim, I. S., Sudradjat, I., & Widiastuti, I. (2023). Symbolic interactionism in vernacular cultural landscape research. ARTEKS: Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur, 8(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i1.2080
Huang, D., Zhang, N., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Traditional village landscape identification and remodeling strategy: Taking the Radish Village as an example. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2350310
Hunter, T. M. (2023). Mabasan Rāmāyaṇa, a continuous retelling of the Rāmāyaṇa in Bali. In The multivalence of an epic: Retelling the Rāmāyaṇas in South India and Southeast Asia (pp. 247–266). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003456797-17
Ionescu, Ş. (2020). Collective identity, between ideology and cooperation. Public Reason, 12(2), 17–26. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107378803&partnerID=40&md5=d3c5a5c7170e88a0834c7254e75fc88a
Lewis, J. L., & Sheppard, S. R. J. (2005). Ancient values, new challenges: Indigenous spiritual perceptions of landscapes and forest management. Society & Natural Resources, 18(10), 907–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920500205533
Li, B., Cheng, B., & Dou, Y. (2025). The analysis and restoration path of pattern language in traditional Dong villages in Xiangxi. Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 80(3), 828–850. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb202503016
Liu, Y., Liu, L., Lu, S., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Ecological landscape resource management and sustainable development of traditional villages. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 21(5), 1938–1949. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096553224&partnerID=40&md5=dac1f00b93522e3712f357f6aa15826b
Mahfud, M. A., & Malik, M. F. (2024). Reconstructing village Druwe land administration to protect the communal land in Bali. Bestuur, 12(2), 104–123. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v12i2.90365
McAuley, J. W. (2024). Identity, commemoration, remembering and forgetting. In Memory politics and transitional justice (Part F2204, pp. 49–75). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47675-4_3
Samadhi, T. N. (2005). Cultural based town form determinants in the Balinese urban landscapes. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 22(3), 229–249.
Shawei, Z., Dinghang, W., & Zhong, Y. (2018). Research on traditional village based on spatial pattern system in Guangdong Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 153(5), 052039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/5/052039
Shawei, Z., Zhong, Y., Dinghang, W., & Jin, T. (2018). Landscape pattern in traditional village—Thinking over the Zhonglou Village, Conghua. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 153(5), 052014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/5/052014
Suartika, G. A. M., & Saputra, K. E. (2019). The creation of harmonious living spheres—Landscape, capital, and the Balinese way. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 248(1), 012065. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/248/1/012065
Subadyo, A. T., Aini, N., Junianto, & Jati, R. M. B. (2024). Relationship between imaginary space and ritual activities in the traditional village of Tenganan Pegringsingan, Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 16(3), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2024.140380
Surata, S. P. K., & Vipriyanti, N. U. (2018). The subak cultural landscape as environmental education: Knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of Balinese teachers, student teachers, and students. Journal of Environmental Education, 49(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1406890
Suyadnya, I. W. (2021). The power interactions between adat and the state in the perspective of old-Balinese village of Tenganan Pegringsingan. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 11(2), 517–538. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2021.v11.i02.p15
Tara Wiguna, I. G. N., Astiti Laksmi, N. K. P., & Prihatmoko, H. (2021). Old Bali period settlement characteristics in North Bali based on inscription and toponymy study. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 11(1), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2021.v11.i01.p11
Wang, W., Shi, Q., & Wang, G. (2024). Exploration of the landscape gene characteristics of traditional villages along the Jinzhong section of the Wanli Tea Road from the perspective of the village temple system. Land, 13(10), 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101602
Wang, Y., Tian, J., & Jiang, L. (2024). Using cultural flowscapes to construct a place components framework: A case study of Fenghuang ancient town | 耦合文化流动图景的地方构成框架构建与案例分析--以凤凰古城旅游地为例. Tropical Geography, 44(1), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003810
Wayan Wesna Astara, I. (2019). Local wisdom values in the management based on local democracy model. Opción, 35(20), 1488–1503. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074080400&partnerID=40&md5=0a71db16936a0ad7b7483da4e1d67059
Weiss, C. M. (2024). Group identity, ingroups, and their implications. In Handbook of innovations in political psychology (pp. 36–54). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803924830.00010
Zhang, Q., Kim, E., Yang, C., & Cao, F. (2020). Identification of cultural landscape factors for sustainable development: A case study of traditional villages in Changbai Mountain area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 495(1), 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/495/1/012045
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 SAFARI :Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
