Pengaruh Employee Engagement dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Dosen dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior sebagai Variabel Intervening

Authors

  • Indra Wijayanto Universitas Widya Gama Malang
  • Muchlis Mas’ud Universitas Widya Gama Malang
  • Ana Sopanah Universitas Widya Gama Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56910/gemilang.v5i4.3133

Keywords:

Employee Engagement, Higher Education, Lecturer Performance, OCB, Work Environment

Abstract

This study aims to test and empirically prove the role of employee engagement and the work environment in improving lecturer performance, as well as explore the intervening role of OCB at ITSK dr. Soepraoen Malang. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research method. The research population of all lecturers was 83 people from 3 faculties. Data collection was carried out through surveys using questionnaires and analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using Smart-PLS software. The results of the study show that: (1) employee engagement triggers intrinsic motivation to provide optimal work results. (2) The work environment has an important role in supporting the productivity and effectiveness of lecturers' work. (3) employee engagement not only encourages lecturer productivity, but also strengthens teamwork dynamics through OCB behavior. (4) adequate facilities, a healthy work climate, and positive interpersonal relationships act as catalysts for the emergence of OCB behavior. (5) Lecturers who have a high OCB level will more easily meet the set indicators. (6) the involvement of lecturers and adequate work facilities can improve OCB behavior which has an impact on improving lecturer performance. The practical implications of this study remind us that the success of educational institutions is not only determined by technical factors such as curriculum or facilities, but also by humanistic factors that encourage lecturers to perform better.

References

Abdullahi, M. S., Raman, K., & Solarin, S. A. (2021). Effect of organizational culture on employee performance: A mediating role of employee engagement in Malaysia educational sector. International Journal of Supply and Operations Management, 8(3), 232–246.

Abubakar, H., Hernita, H., Arimbawa, I. G. A. P., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2024). The effect of organizational citizens’ behavior (OCB), competence, and organizational culture on performance: Employee satisfaction as mediating variable. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1.2).

Asi, L. L., & Gani, A. (2021). Pengaruh budaya organisasi, motivasi kerja, lingkungan kerja terhadap komitmen organisasional dan kinerja dosen Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Journal of Management Science (JMS), 2(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.52103/jms.v2i1.295

Ayu, N. P., & Irfan, H. (2023). Pengaruh loyalitas kerja, lingkungan kerja dan komunikasi terhadap organizational citizenship behavior tenaga non-medis Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Sruweng. Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 1(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v4i1.51

Azhari, N. N. A., Thani, A. K. A., Amran, A., Sakarji, S. R., & Burdhan, W. N. N. (2023). Islamic work ethic, employee engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior among public servants: A review paper. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 8(6), e002228. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i6.2228

Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (n.d.). Utrecht work engagement scale-Italian version. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.

Dahri, A. S., Sariah, U. N., Khuhro, M. A., Rehman, J., & Khan, M. S. (2024). Employee satisfaction and engagement are crucial for organizational success. In Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage (pp. 184–201). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0363-4.ch011

Dewani, S. L., & Swatantra, G. Y. (2024). The effect analysis of organizational citizenship behavior on employee performance. Journal of Economics, Business, and Management Innovation, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47134/jebmi.v2i1.126

Fajar, H., Marzolina, M., & Rifqi, A. (2024). Pengaruh quality of work life (QWL) dan employee engagement terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) pada perawat PNS RSUD Dr. Suhatman Mars Kota Dumai. Economics and Digital Business Review, 5(2), 681–691.

Farisi, S., Prayogi, M. A., & Juliana, E. (2021). The influence of work motivation and work environment on organizational citizenship behavior with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at the Youth and Sports Office of North Sumatra Province. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(2), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i2.78

Halik, J., & Nurlia, N. (2024). Influence of lecturer competence on the quality of education in the management department of UKIP Makassar. Jurnal GeoEkonomi, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.36277/geoekonomi.v15i1.326

Hayati, D., & Rifani, A. (2025). Employee engagement and leader-member exchange form organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: Can it be achieved for employees who work while studying? Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.5841

Hazarika, B. (2024). An empirical analysis of employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour: A case study of the Assam State Transport Corporation. Paripex Indian Journal of Research. https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/4902964

Ho, H., & Le, H. M. T. (2023). The impact of employee engagement on the work performance and loyalty of HR staffs. Journal of Development and Integration, 69(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.61602/jdi.2023.69.05

Indonesia, Republik. (2005). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen.

Indripriarko, G., & Aima, M. H. (2022). Effect of work environment and compensation on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediation variable. Journal of Research in Social Science and Education Management, 2(2), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v2i02.249

Ismoyo, F. D. W. (2023). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Sumber Rejeki. AKDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.30762/akdimas.v1i1.1533

Jindain, C., & Gilitwala, B. (2024). The factors impacting the intermediating variable of employee engagement toward employee performance in a hybrid working model. Rajagiri Management Journal, 18(2), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-08-2023-0237

Kaur, D. (2023). Drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance. International Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, 5(2), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.33545/26633213.2023.v5.i2a.147

Kayyali, M. (2024). Seeking excellence in higher education. In Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership (pp. 311–334). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6880-0.ch015

Khoyrun, H., Sutanto, A., & Hidayat, A. C. (2020). Pengaruh kompetensi, motivasi, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja dosen perguruan tinggi swasta daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini, 11(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.36982/jiegmk.v11i1.1059

Kuncoro, T., Marji, M., Devi, M., Wibawa, A. P., & Teng, M. F. (2022). Cracking the code: Understanding lecturer performance and student success. International Journal of Education and Learning, 4(3), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijele.v4i3.958

Kuntari, D., & Biligah, B. (2024). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Bandar Bakau Jaya Jakarta Utara. Cemerlang, 4(4), 22–44. https://doi.org/10.55606/cemerlang.v4i4.3193

Kurniawan, I. S. K. S., Cahyani, E., Pratama, R. A., Hutami, L. T. H., & Megarani, S. (2023). The influence of organizational culture, intrinsic motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior on employee performance. Relevance: Journal of Management and Business, 6(2), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.22515/relevance.v6i2.5691

Mahintha, T., Arulprakasam, E., Chitra, P. K., & Sarojadevi, R. (2024). Employee engagement and its impact on organizational success. In Business management and strategy (pp. 173–175). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003606642-41

Martanti, I. F. R. (2023). The influence of the work environment on employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Surabaya Region III Airport Authority employees. AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(2), 1328–1335. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v2i2.616

Na-Nan, K., Kanthong, S., & Joungtrakul, J. (2021). An empirical study on the model of self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior transmitted through employee engagement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction in the Thai automobile parts manufacturing industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030170

Nurudia, M. (2024). Peran lingkungan kerja dan fasilitas dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan kinerja karyawan. Deleted Journal, 3(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.37481/jko.v3i1.132

Ompusunggu, L. S., & Rifani, D. N. (2023). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) pegawai di Rutan Kelas IIB Humbang Hasundutan. Widya Manajemen, 5(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32795/widyamanajemen.v5i1.3346

Pahlevi, A., & Nirmala, N. (2023). The effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and commitment on employee performance through job satisfaction as a mediating variable in Indonesian SMEs. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 4(5), 62–71.

Pratiwi, J. A., & Fatoni, F. (2023). Pengaruh employee engagement dan work life balance terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui kepuasan kerja. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 11(2), 432–444. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v11n2.p432-444

Priyono, B. S., & Indriyaningrum, K. (2021). Pemediasian modal sosial pada pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan employee engagement terhadap organizational citizenship behavior.

Putri, J. A., & Fariana, A. (2024). Pengaruh komitmen organisasi, kepuasan kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Manajemen Ekonomi, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.59024/jumek.v2i2.336

Putri, R. M., Kamil, I., & Amrina, E. (2023). The effect of organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing on employee performance. Jurnal Ekobistek, 12(2), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.35134/ekobistek.v12i2.501

Ramadhan, D. F. (2023). The effect of employee engagement and organizational culture on employee performance through turnover intention as an intervening variable. Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities, 6(3), 1965–1984.

Salahuddin, F., Achmar, Z., & Lantang, D. V. (2025). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) pada Hotel Aryaduta Makassar. YUME: Journal of Management, 8(1), 270–277.

Santoso, M. H., Naim, S., Suroso, S., Hayudini, M. A. A., & Shrestha, P. (2023). Influence of work environment and employee competence analysis on employee performance. Chanos Chanos, 21(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.15578/chanos.v21i1.12818

Sarah, M., & Maryam, S. (2023). The effect of work environment, employee engagement, and emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(3), 2072–2078.

Septiani, I., Solehudin, S., & Gunardi, S. (2024). Hubungan komitmen organisasi dan beban kerja dengan kinerja perawat di RSUD Kembangan tahun 2024. Calory Journal, 2(3), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.57213/caloryjournal.v2i3.371

Shukla, M. (2023). Quality enhancement in higher education institutions. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i2-39

Sondang, P. S. (2008). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Bumi Aksara.

Susanto, A. B., Prajitiasari, E., Awwaliyah, I. N., Titisari, P., & Agustin, D. N. (2023). The effect of work rotation, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and physical work environment on hospital employee performance. Calitatea, 24(196), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.196.27

Sutaguna, I. N. T., Yusuf, M., Ardianto, R., & Wartono, P. (2023). The effect of competence, work experience, work environment, and work discipline on employee performance. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 3(1), 367–381.

Syah, A., & Safrida, S. (2024). The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employee performance: Locus of control and self-efficacy. Qubahan Academic Journal, 4(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.58429/qaj.v4n1a196

Tafsir, M., Kamase, J., Sukmawati, S., & Arfah, A. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, iklim organisasi, perilaku inovatif dan employee engagement terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai intervening variable di lingkup pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Bantaeng. Jurnal Sosio Sains, 8(1), 55–71.

Tamam, M. B., Soetjipto, B. E., & Murwani, F. D. (2024). The influence of quality of work life, work environment and religiosity on organizational citizenship behavior with job satisfaction as a mediator variable. JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 9(1), 779–794. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v9i1.15006

Tang, D., Boker, S. M., & Tong, X. (2024). Are the signs of factor loadings arbitrary in confirmatory factor analysis? Problems and solutions. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/b7h6d

Thalia, R. A. D., Aliya, S., Gunarto, M., & Helmi, S. (2024). The influence of employee engagement and work environment on employee performance at PT. Agronusa Alam Perkasa. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(1), 2278–2290.

Utarini, E. D., & Riyanto, S. (2024). The influence of work environment, organizational culture, and career path on organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Digital Marketing Science, 1(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.54099/ijdms.v1i1.843

Vail, E. A., & Avidan, M. S. (2022). Trials with “non-significant” results are not insignificant trials: A common significance threshold distorts reporting and interpretation of trial results. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 129(5), 643–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2022.06.023

Vu, T. A. T. (2023). Studying the theoretical framework of organisational citizenship behaviour of teachers. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, 65(10), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJST.65(10).29-33

Wajidi, A., Askari, M. I., Amen, U., & Sumayya, U. (2021). Examining the direct and mediating effect of organizational commitment and work environment in the textile sector of Pakistan. Market Forces, 16(2), 83–108.

Wardana, I. K. P., Agustina, M. D. P., & Mahayasa, I. G. A. (2024). Pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap organizational citizenship behavior karyawan. WidyaAmrita: Jurnal Manajemen, Kewirausahaan dan Pariwisata, 4(3), 467–474.

Wati, L. R., & Sungkono, S. (2023). Analisis lingkungan kerja pada Perum Peruri (Perusahaan Umum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia). Optimal, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.55606/optimal.v3i3.1812

Widarko, A., & Anwarodin, M. K. (2022). Work motivation and organizational culture on work performance: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediating variable. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i2.207

Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of employees’ workplace environment on employees’ performance: A multi-mediation model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 890400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400.

Downloads

Published

2025-09-03

How to Cite

Indra Wijayanto, Muchlis Mas’ud, & Ana Sopanah. (2025). Pengaruh Employee Engagement dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Dosen dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior sebagai Variabel Intervening. GEMILANG: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 5(4), 480–495. https://doi.org/10.56910/gemilang.v5i4.3133