Analysis of Strategic Plan Forms for Educational Units
Literature Review and Institutional Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56910/literacy.v4i2.2170Keywords:
Educational management, Educational strategic planning, Educational unit governance, Institutional strategy, School strategic planAbstract
Strategic planning in education units is an important instrument in ensuring adaptive, effective, and sustainable management of institutions in the midst of the complexity of global change. This study aims to analyze the form and structure of strategic plans used by various educational institutions, as well as evaluate the key elements that influence their effectiveness in achieving institutional objectives. A qualitative approach with the literature study method was used to review more than twenty strategic plan documents from primary, secondary, and tertiary education institutions. The analysis is carried out through thematic classification and mapping of strategic components such as vision-mission, SWOT analysis, strategic objectives, performance indicators, and monitoring-evaluation systems. The results show that the similarity of document structures does not always guarantee the effectiveness of implementation, as success is strongly influenced by the quality of leadership, stakeholder participation, and the linkage between planning and budgeting. Other findings reveal that a participatory, data-driven, and integrative approach to performance management systems is a determinant factor for the success of strategic plans. This study makes a conceptual and practical contribution to the development of strategy-based education governance, as well as encouraging the adoption of contextual and quality-oriented planning models. Implicitly, education units need to build strategic planning capacity and strengthen a reflective culture to ensure the sustainability of education reform.
References
Amrullah, M. R., Kepemimpinan strategis dalam pengelolaan satuan pendidikan. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2022.
Biondi, L. and Russo, S., "Strategic planning and performance management in higher education institutions: A European comparative study," J. Higher Educ. Policy Manage., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 25–41, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2021.1908304
Carron, G. and De Grauwe, A., Management of educational institutions: Planning, monitoring and evaluation. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), 2021.
Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bontang, Rencana Strategis Dinas Pendidikan 2020–2024. Bontang: Disdik Bontang, 2021.
Judijanto, L., Manu, C. M. A., Sitopu, J. W., Mangelep, N. O., and Hardiansyah, A., "The impact of mathematics in science and technology development," Int. J. Teach. Learn., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 451–458, 2024.
Kalengkongan, L. N., Regar, V. E., and Mangelep, N. O., "Analisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pokok bahasan program linear berdasarkan prosedur Newman," MARISEKOLA: J. Matematika Riset Edukasi Kolaborasi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 31–38, 2021.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Panduan penyusunan visi dan misi satuan pendidikan. Jakarta: Ditjen PAUD Dikdasmen, 2020.
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Rencana Strategis Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2020–2024. Jakarta: Kemdikbudristek, 2020.
Kumesan, S., Mandolang, E., Supit, P. H., Monoarfa, J. F., and Mangelep, N. O., "Students’ mathematical problem-solving process in solving story problems on SPLDV material," J. Rev. Pendidik. Pengajaran (JRPP), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 681–689, 2023.
Lohonauman, R. D., Domu, I., Regar, V. E., and Mangelep, N. O., "Implementation of the TAI type cooperative learning model in mathematics learning SPLDV material," J. Rev. Pendidik. Pengajaran (JRPP), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 347–355, 2023.
Manambing, R., Domu, I., and Mangelep, N. O., "Penerapan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik Indonesia terhadap hasil belajar siswa materi bentuk aljabar," JSME (J. Sains, Matematika & Edukasi), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 163–166, 2018.
Mangelep, N. O., "Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran matematika pada pokok bahasan lingkaran menggunakan pendekatan PMRI dan aplikasi Geogebra," Mosharafa: J. Pendidik. Matematika, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 193–200, 2017.
Mangelep, N. O., "Pengembangan website pembelajaran matematika realistik untuk siswa sekolah menengah pertama," Mosharafa: J. Pendidik. Matematika, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 431–440, 2017.
Mangelep, N. O., Mahniar, A., Amu, I., and Rumintjap, F. O., "Fuzzy simple additive weighting method in determining single tuition fees for prospective new students at Manado State University," Innovative: J. Social Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 5700–5713, 2024.
Mangelep, N. O., Mahniar, A., Nurwijayanti, K., Yullah, A. S., and Lahunduitan, L. O., "Pendekatan analisis terhadap kesulitan siswa dalam menghadapi soal matematika dengan pemahaman koneksi materi trigonometri," J. Rev. Pendidik. Pengajaran (JRPP), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 4358–4366, 2024.
Mangelep, N. O., Pinontoan, K. F., Runtu, P. V., Kumesan, S., and Tiwow, D. N., "Development of numeracy questions based on local wisdom of South Minahasa," J. Rev. Pendidik. Pengajaran (JRPP), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 80–88, 2023.
Mangelep, N. O., Pongoh, F. M., Sulistyaningsih, M., Mandolang, E., and Mahniar, A., "Social arithmetic learning design using the sociodrama method with the PMRI approach," MARISEKOLA: J. Matematika Riset Edukasi Kolaborasi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2024.
Mangelep, N. O., Runtu, P. V., Rumintjap, F. O., Tarusu, D. T., and Kambey, A. N., "Improving the quality of research and publications in Scopus journals for lecturers and students," Community Dev. J.: J. Pengabdian Masyarakat, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 985–990, 2025.
Mangelep, N. O., Tarusu, D. T., Ester, K., and Ngadiorejo, H., "Local instructional theory: Social arithmetic learning using the context of the monopoly game," J. Educ. Res., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1666–1677, 2023.
Mangelep, N. O., Tarusu, D. T., Ngadiorejo, H., Jafar, G. F., and Mandolang, E., "Optimization of visual-spatial abilities for primary school teachers through Indonesian realistic mathematics education workshop," Community Dev. J.: J. Pengabdian Masyarakat, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 7289–7297, 2023.
Mellu, S., Hendrowati, H., and Arsyam, R., "Analisis implementasi perencanaan strategis pada institusi pendidikan di era desentralisasi," J. Manajemen Pendidikan, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 45–61, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21009/jmp.v13i1.3045
Mulyono, H., "Strategi peningkatan mutu berbasis kepemimpinan kolaboratif di sekolah internasional," J. Pendidikan dan Kepemimpinan, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 98–112, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.32585/jpk.v6i2.1319
Nugroho, A. and Purnomo, D., "Tantangan dan strategi penguatan perencanaan pendidikan dalam era otonomi daerah," J. Administrasi dan Kebijakan Pendidikan, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 75–90, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.17509/jakp.v14i2.45500
Putri, R. H., "Perencanaan strategis berbasis kebutuhan lokal: Studi kasus sekolah menengah di Jawa Tengah," J. Kependidikan, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 30–43, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i1.55444
Runtu, P. V. J., Pulukadang, R. J., Mangelep, N. O., Sulistyaningsih, M., and Sambuaga, O. T., "Student's mathematical literacy: A study from the perspective of ethnomathematics context in North Sulawesi Indonesia," J. Higher Educ. Theory Pract., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 57–65, 2023.
Setiawan, D. and Nugraha, S., "Kepemimpinan berbasis data dalam pengelolaan sekolah unggulan," Manajerial: J. Manajemen Pendidikan, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17–28, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.17509/manajerial.v6i1.34999
Springer, M., "Strategic differentiation in higher education: Managing institutional competitiveness," Int. Rev. Strategic Manage., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 199–221, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/IRS.2024.912550
STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan, Rencana Strategis 2021–2025. Kuningan: STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan, 2021.
Strategic Planning in British Higher Education Institutions, A report by the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI). Oxford: HEPI, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.hepi.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEPI-Report-Strategic-Planning.pdf
Sulistyaningsih, M., Mangelep, N. O., and Kaunang, D. F., "Efektivitas penggunaan E-learning pada pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan problem posing," Gammath: J. Ilm. Pendidik. Matematika, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 105–114, 2022.
Suryani, A. and Rahman, F., "Perubahan budaya organisasi dalam perencanaan strategis lembaga pendidikan Islam," Islamic Educ. Manage. J., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 65–80, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21093/iemj.v5i1.2749
Susanto, R. and Lestari, N., "Efektivitas manajemen berbasis hasil dalam pendidikan dasar," J. Evaluasi dan Supervisi Pendidikan, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 133–148, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24036/jesp.v11i2.41302
Wibowo, H. and Mulyadi, R., "Integrasi perencanaan strategis dan manajemen kinerja di madrasah: Studi multi-kasus," J. Pendidikan Islam, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 201–217, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24042/jpi.v14i2.41278
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 LITERACY : International Scientific Journals of Social, Education, Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
